Exam Practice Zone
Introduction
In today’s digital age, computers have become an essential part of everyday life. From smartphones and laptops to supercomputers and artificial intelligence, computers are transforming the way people learn, communicate, work, and solve complex problems. Whether you are a student, professional, researcher, or business owner, understanding computers is the first step toward mastering modern technology.
A computer is much more than a machine used for typing documents or browsing the internet. It is a powerful electronic device capable of processing billions of instructions every second. Computers are used in education, healthcare, banking, engineering, agriculture, transportation, entertainment, government, space exploration, cybersecurity, and scientific research.
This article introduces the fundamental concepts of computers, including their definition, importance, features, characteristics, applications, uses, history, and future developments.
What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic programmable device that accepts raw data (input), processes it according to a set of instructions (program), stores the processed data, and produces meaningful information (output).
In simple terms, a computer is a machine that performs calculations, stores information, and helps users complete various tasks quickly and accurately.
The basic working of a computer follows the Input → Process → Storage → Output (IPOS) cycle.
Example
When you type a document:
- Keyboard provides input.
- CPU processes the data.
- Storage saves the document.
- Monitor displays the output.
Definition of Computer
Standard Definition
A computer is an electronic programmable machine that accepts data as input, processes it according to programmed instructions, stores it, and produces meaningful output.
Technical Definition
A computer is a digital electronic device designed to execute arithmetic, logical, and control operations automatically under the direction of stored programs.
Simple Definition
A computer is an electronic machine that helps people perform work faster and more accurately.
Components Involved in Computer Processing
Stage | Description |
Input | Accepts data from the user |
Processing | CPU processes the data |
Storage | Saves data permanently or temporarily |
Output | Displays useful information |
Importance of Computers
Computers have become indispensable in modern society. Almost every industry depends on computers to improve efficiency, productivity, communication, and decision-making.
Why Computers Are Important
- Perform complex calculations in seconds
- Automate repetitive tasks
- Store vast amounts of information
- Connect people worldwide
- Enable online education
- Support scientific discoveries
- Improve healthcare services
- Enhance business productivity
- Strengthen cybersecurity
- Drive innovation through artificial intelligence
Without computers, many of today’s technological advancements would not exist.
Basic Features of Computers
Computers possess several unique features that distinguish them from ordinary machines.
1. Speed
Modern computers perform billions of calculations every second.
Example:
A supercomputer performs quadrillions of operations per second.
2. Accuracy
Computers produce highly accurate results when given correct instructions.
Errors usually occur because of incorrect input or programming mistakes rather than the computer itself.
3. Automation
Once a program starts, the computer performs tasks automatically without constant human intervention.
Example:
Automatic backups
Email scheduling
Data processing
4. Storage Capacity
Computers can store enormous amounts of data.
Examples include:
- Documents
- Photos
- Videos
- Software
- Databases
Modern storage devices can hold several terabytes of data.
5. Reliability
Computers can work continuously for long periods while producing consistent results.
6. Versatility
One computer can perform many different tasks such as:
- Programming
- Gaming
- Video editing
- Banking
- Graphic design
- Research
- Artificial intelligence
7. Diligence
Unlike humans, computers do not become tired or bored.
They can repeat the same task thousands of times without losing efficiency.
8. Connectivity
Modern computers connect through:
- Internet
- Wi-Fi
- Bluetooth
- Mobile networks
- Cloud computing
9. Programmability
Computers can be programmed to solve different kinds of problems simply by changing software.
Characteristics of Computers
The main characteristics include:
- High speed
- High accuracy
- Automation
- Large storage capacity
- Reliability
- Consistency
- Versatility
- Multitasking capability
- Connectivity
- Scalability
- Programmability
- Precision
Applications Overview
Computers are used in almost every field of human activity.
Education
- Online learning
- Smart classrooms
- Digital libraries
- Virtual laboratories
- Online examinations
Healthcare
- Electronic medical records
- Medical imaging
- Hospital management
- Robotic surgery
- Telemedicine
Banking
- Online banking
- ATM systems
- Mobile banking
- Fraud detection
- Digital payments
Business
- Accounting
- Payroll
- Inventory management
- Customer relationship management
- E-commerce
Science
Scientists use computers for:
- Climate modeling
- Space exploration
- DNA sequencing
- Simulations
- Research
Engineering
Applications include:
- Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
- Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
- Simulation
- Robotics
- Structural analysis
Agriculture
Computers support:
- Precision farming
- Weather forecasting
- Crop monitoring
- Smart irrigation
- Soil analysis
Government
Governments use computers for:
- Digital records
- Tax administration
- E-governance
- National security
- Census management
Entertainment
Examples include:
- Video games
- Streaming platforms
- Animation
- Video editing
- Music production
Uses Overview
People use computers daily for numerous activities.
Personal Uses
- Internet browsing
- Watching videos
- Social media
- Online shopping
- Learning
Educational Uses
- Homework
- Research
- Virtual classrooms
- Coding
- Online exams
Professional Uses
- Office work
- Software development
- Graphic design
- Data analysis
- Project management
Industrial Uses
- Automation
- Manufacturing
- Logistics
- Supply chain management
History of Computer
The history of computers spans thousands of years.
Ancient Era
Humans first used counting tools such as the Abacus, one of the earliest known calculating devices.
Mechanical Era
Inventors developed mechanical calculators that performed arithmetic operations.
Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine, considered the first concept of a general-purpose programmable computer. Because of this contribution, he is often called the Father of the Computer.
Ada Lovelace
Ada Lovelace wrote what is widely recognized as the first computer algorithm for Babbage’s Analytical Engine, making her the world’s first computer programmer.
Alan Turing
Alan Turing introduced foundational concepts of modern computing and artificial intelligence through the theoretical Turing Machine and his work during World War II.
Electronic Computers
The introduction of vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors revolutionized computing, leading to the development of modern personal computers.
Brief Evolution of Computers
Generation | Technology | Period |
First | Vacuum Tubes | 1940s–1950s |
Second | Transistors | 1950s–1960s |
Third | Integrated Circuits | 1960s–1970s |
Fourth | Microprocessors | 1970s–Present |
Fifth | Artificial Intelligence & Advanced Computing | Present and Future |
Exam Practice Zone
Introduction to Computers – 50 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
These questions are suitable for SSC, Banking, Railways, UPSC, State PSC, Computer Teacher Exams, NIELIT, Polytechnic, Diploma, BCA, B.Sc. Computer Science, MCA, Engineering, and general competitive exams.
1. What is a computer?
- A mechanical device only
- An electronic programmable device
- A calculator
- A television
✅ Correct Answer: 2. An electronic programmable device
2. A computer mainly works on which cycle?
- Input → Process → Storage → Output
- Input → Output → Storage → Process
- Process → Input → Output
- Output → Storage → Input
✅ Correct Answer: 1
3. Which of the following is the brain of a computer?
- RAM
- Hard Disk
- CPU
- Monitor
✅ Correct Answer: 3
4. Which device is used to enter data into a computer?
- Printer
- Keyboard
- Monitor
- Speaker
✅ Correct Answer: 2
5. Which device displays the processed information?
- Mouse
- Keyboard
- Monitor
- Scanner
✅ Correct Answer: 3
6. A computer converts ______ into information.
- Electricity
- Programs
- Data
- Software
✅ Correct Answer: 3
7. Which feature allows a computer to perform billions of calculations quickly?
- Accuracy
- Speed
- Storage
- Reliability
✅ Correct Answer: 2
8. Which characteristic means a computer produces correct results?
- Speed
- Accuracy
- Storage
- Connectivity
✅ Correct Answer: 2
9. Which feature allows a computer to work automatically after receiving instructions?
- Automation
- Diligence
- Reliability
- Memory
✅ Correct Answer: 1
10. Which characteristic allows a computer to perform many different tasks?
- Storage
- Accuracy
- Versatility
- Power Supply
✅ Correct Answer: 3
11. Computers do not become tired because of which characteristic?
- Automation
- Diligence
- Accuracy
- Connectivity
✅ Correct Answer: 2
12. Which feature allows computers to store large amounts of data?
- Storage Capacity
- Connectivity
- Speed
- Accuracy
✅ Correct Answer: 1
13. Computers can work continuously without failure due to their:
- Intelligence
- Reliability
- Creativity
- Emotions
✅ Correct Answer: 2
14. A computer follows instructions stored in:
- Books
- Programs
- Monitor
- Printer
✅ Correct Answer: 2
15. Who is known as the Father of the Computer?
- Alan Turing
- Charles Babbage
- Bill Gates
- Steve Jobs
✅ Correct Answer: 2
16. Who is known as the first computer programmer?
- Grace Hopper
- Ada Lovelace
- Alan Turing
- Tim Berners-Lee
✅ Correct Answer: 2
17. Alan Turing is famous for his work in:
- Agriculture
- Artificial Intelligence and Computing
- Banking
- Medicine
✅ Correct Answer: 2
18. Which was one of the earliest calculating devices?
- Laptop
- Abacus
- Smartphone
- Calculator Watch
✅ Correct Answer: 2
19. Which generation used Vacuum Tubes?
- First
- Second
- Third
- Fourth
✅ Correct Answer: 1
20. Which generation introduced Transistors?
- First
- Second
- Third
- Fourth
✅ Correct Answer: 2
21. Integrated Circuits were introduced in the:
- First Generation
- Second Generation
- Third Generation
- Fourth Generation
✅ Correct Answer: 3
22. Microprocessors belong to:
- First Generation
- Second Generation
- Third Generation
- Fourth Generation
✅ Correct Answer: 4
23. Which technology is associated with Fifth Generation Computers?
- Vacuum Tubes
- Transistors
- Artificial Intelligence
- Magnetic Drums
✅ Correct Answer: 3
24. Which field uses computers for online classes?
- Banking
- Education
- Agriculture
- Construction
✅ Correct Answer: 2
25. Computers are used in hospitals mainly for:
- Cooking
- Medical Records
- Painting
- Farming
✅ Correct Answer: 2
26. ATMs mainly use computers in:
- Education
- Banking
- Agriculture
- Entertainment
✅ Correct Answer: 2
27. CAD software is mainly used in:
- Banking
- Engineering
- Music
- Sports
✅ Correct Answer: 2
28. Which industry uses computers for crop monitoring?
- Agriculture
- Banking
- Entertainment
- Tourism
✅ Correct Answer: 1
29. Computers help governments in:
- E-Governance
- Digital Records
- Tax Management
- All of the Above
✅ Correct Answer: 4
30. Which of these is NOT an application of computers?
- Scientific Research
- Online Banking
- Weather Forecasting
- Manual Typewriter Repair
✅ Correct Answer: 4
31. Which feature enables internet communication?
- Connectivity
- Diligence
- Accuracy
- Automation
✅ Correct Answer: 1
32. Which device stores data permanently?
- RAM
- SSD
- Cache
- Register
✅ Correct Answer: 2
33. Which of the following is an input device?
- Mouse
- Printer
- Speaker
- Monitor
✅ Correct Answer: 1
34. Which of the following is an output device?
- Keyboard
- Scanner
- Monitor
- Mouse
✅ Correct Answer: 3
35. Which operation comes immediately after Input?
- Output
- Processing
- Printing
- Saving
✅ Correct Answer: 2
36. A computer cannot work without:
- Instructions
- Electricity
- Hardware
- All of the Above
✅ Correct Answer: 4
37. Which characteristic allows a computer to perform several tasks simultaneously?
- Multitasking
- Creativity
- Emotion
- Memory
✅ Correct Answer: 1
38. Which is an advantage of computers?
- High Speed
- Accuracy
- Large Storage
- All of the Above
✅ Correct Answer: 4
39. Which is NOT an advantage of computers?
- High Speed
- Fatigue
- Accuracy
- Automation
✅ Correct Answer: 2
40. Computers mainly process:
- Information
- Data
- Electricity
- Images
✅ Correct Answer: 2
41. Which technology is expected to transform future computing?
- Quantum Computing
- Floppy Disk
- Vacuum Tube
- Typewriter
✅ Correct Answer: 1
42. Artificial Intelligence enables computers to:
- Learn from Data
- Cook Food
- Repair Hardware Automatically
- Replace Electricity
✅ Correct Answer: 1
43. Cloud Computing allows users to:
- Store and access data over the Internet
- Increase monitor size
- Repair computers
- Build keyboards
✅ Correct Answer: 1
44. Edge Computing mainly reduces:
- Screen Size
- Latency
- Memory
- CPU Speed
✅ Correct Answer: 2
45. Which technology connects billions of smart devices?
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- Printer Network
- CD-ROM
- USB
✅ Correct Answer: 1
46. Which field uses computers for simulations and experiments?
- Scientific Research
- Painting
- Carpentry
- Tailoring
✅ Correct Answer: 1
47. Computers are widely used for entertainment such as:
- Streaming Videos
- Gaming
- Music Production
- All of the Above
✅ Correct Answer: 4
48. Which statement best describes a computer?
- It can think exactly like a human.
- It processes data according to instructions.
- It works only without software.
- It never requires electricity.
✅ Correct Answer: 2
49. Which of the following is a limitation of computers?
- They require instructions to perform tasks.
- They have emotions.
- They can make independent decisions like humans.
- They never need maintenance.
✅ Correct Answer: 1
50. Which statement is TRUE about modern computers?
- They are used only in offices.
- They are limited to calculations.
- They are essential in nearly every field of modern life.
- They cannot connect to the Internet.
✅ Correct Answer: 3
20 Interview Questions with Best Answers
These interview questions are suitable for freshers, BCA, B.Sc. Computer Science, Diploma, Polytechnic, Engineering, MCA, IT support, help desk, computer operator, teacher recruitment, and entry-level software interviews.
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1. What is a Computer?
Best Answer:
A computer is an electronic programmable device that accepts data as input, processes it according to programmed instructions, stores the processed data, and produces meaningful information as output. It performs calculations, logical operations, and data management with high speed and accuracy.
2. Define a Computer.
Best Answer:
A computer is an electronic machine designed to execute arithmetic and logical operations automatically under the control of stored programs. It converts raw data into useful information through the Input-Process-Storage-Output (IPOS) cycle.
3. Explain the basic working of a computer.
Best Answer:
A computer works through four basic steps:
- Input – Data is entered using input devices such as a keyboard or mouse.
- Processing – The CPU processes the data according to program instructions.
- Storage – Data and results are stored temporarily or permanently.
- Output – Processed information is displayed through output devices like a monitor or printer.
This process is called the IPOS cycle.
4. What are the main characteristics of a computer?
Best Answer:
The main characteristics are:
- High Speed
- High Accuracy
- Automation
- Reliability
- Large Storage Capacity
- Diligence
- Versatility
- Multitasking
- Connectivity
- Programmability
These characteristics make computers suitable for almost every field.
5. What are the basic features of a computer?
Best Answer:
The basic features include:
- Fast processing speed
- Accurate calculations
- Automation
- Large memory and storage
- Reliability
- Ability to perform multiple tasks
- Easy communication through networks
- Continuous operation without fatigue
6. What is the difference between data and information?
Best Answer:
- Data is raw, unprocessed facts and figures.
- Information is processed, organized, and meaningful data.
Example:
Data: 85, 90, 95
Information: The student’s average score is 90%.
7. Why is the CPU called the brain of the computer?
Best Answer:
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is called the brain because it executes program instructions, performs arithmetic and logical operations, and controls all hardware components. Every major operation in a computer is coordinated by the CPU.
8. Why are computers important in modern society?
Best Answer:
Computers improve productivity, communication, education, healthcare, banking, business, research, entertainment, and government services. They help solve complex problems quickly and support digital transformation across industries.
9. What are the major applications of computers?
Best Answer:
Computers are widely used in:
- Education
- Healthcare
- Banking
- Business
- Government
- Agriculture
- Engineering
- Scientific Research
- Entertainment
- Artificial Intelligence
- Space Research
- Manufacturing
10. What are the advantages of computers?
Best Answer:
The advantages include:
- High Speed
- High Accuracy
- Large Storage Capacity
- Automation
- Reliability
- Multitasking
- Improved Communication
- Better Decision-Making through Data Analysis
- Increased Productivity
11. What are the limitations of computers?
Best Answer:
Although computers are powerful, they have limitations:
- Cannot think independently.
- Depend on instructions provided by users.
- Cannot make human-like judgments.
- Require electricity and hardware.
- Cannot understand emotions or ethics without programming.
12. Who is Charles Babbage, and why is he important?
Best Answer:
Charles Babbage was an English mathematician who designed the Analytical Engine, considered the first concept of a general-purpose programmable computer. He is known as the Father of the Computer because his ideas laid the foundation for modern computing.
13. Who was Ada Lovelace?
Best Answer:
Ada Lovelace was a mathematician who wrote an algorithm for Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine. She is widely recognized as the world’s first computer programmer because she envisioned that computers could perform tasks beyond calculations.
14. Who was Alan Turing?
Best Answer:
Alan Turing was a British mathematician and computer scientist who introduced the concept of the Turing Machine, a theoretical model of computation. His work laid the foundation for modern computer science and artificial intelligence, and he also played a crucial role in codebreaking during World War II.
15. Explain the generations of computers.
Best Answer:
The evolution of computers is divided into five generations:
- First Generation: Vacuum Tubes
- Second Generation: Transistors
- Third Generation: Integrated Circuits (ICs)
- Fourth Generation: Microprocessors
- Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and advanced computing technologies
Each generation brought improvements in speed, size, reliability, and processing power.
16. How are computers used in education?
Best Answer:
Computers support education by enabling:
- Online learning
- Digital classrooms
- E-books and digital libraries
- Educational software
- Virtual laboratories
- Online examinations
- Research and collaboration
They make learning more interactive and accessible.
17. How are computers transforming healthcare?
Best Answer:
Computers help healthcare professionals through:
- Electronic Health Records (EHR)
- Medical imaging
- Robotic-assisted surgery
- Telemedicine
- Hospital management systems
- AI-based disease diagnosis
- Patient monitoring
These technologies improve the quality and efficiency of medical services.
18. What is the future of computers?
Best Answer:
The future of computers includes advancements such as:
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- Quantum Computing
- Edge Computing
- Cloud Computing
- Robotics
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- Neuromorphic Computing
- Sustainable and energy-efficient systems
These technologies are expected to make computers more intelligent, faster, and capable of solving increasingly complex problems.
19. Can a computer think like a human?
Best Answer:
No. A computer does not think or reason like a human. It follows programmed instructions and algorithms. While AI systems can analyze data, recognize patterns, and make predictions, they do not possess human consciousness, emotions, or independent judgment.
20. Why do you want to build your career in computers?
Best Answer:
I want to build my career in computers because technology is continuously evolving and plays a vital role in every industry. The field offers opportunities for learning, innovation, and problem-solving. I enjoy understanding how computer systems work and applying that knowledge to develop practical solutions that improve efficiency and benefit society.
💼 Interview Tips
When answering computer fundamentals questions:
- Start with a clear definition.
- Use simple, accurate technical terms.
- Include examples where appropriate.
- Explain concepts in a logical sequence.
- If discussing history or technology, mention key contributors (such as Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, and Alan Turing) and major milestones.
- For future-related questions, reference current trends such as AI, cloud computing, quantum computing, and IoT while avoiding exaggerated claims.
These questions and model answers provide a solid foundation for introductory computer science interviews and can be expanded with topic-specific follow-up questions as your SuperComputerAtlas.com knowledge base grows.
Introduction to Computers – True/False, Fill in the Blanks & Match the Following
Part A – True / False Questions (25)
1. A computer is an electronic programmable device.
✅ Answer: True
2. A computer can think and make decisions like a human without any instructions.
✅ Answer: False
3. The CPU is known as the brain of the computer.
✅ Answer: True
4. A computer processes raw data into meaningful information.
✅ Answer: True
5. Computers always make mistakes, even when the input is correct.
✅ Answer: False
6. Charles Babbage is known as the Father of the Computer.
✅ Answer: True
7. Ada Lovelace is considered the world’s first computer programmer.
✅ Answer: True
8. Alan Turing made important contributions to computer science.
✅ Answer: True
9. Computers can work continuously without getting tired.
✅ Answer: True
10. Computers have natural emotions like humans.
✅ Answer: False
11. Speed is one of the important characteristics of a computer.
✅ Answer: True
12. Computers are used only in banks.
✅ Answer: False
13. Computers are widely used in education.
✅ Answer: True
14. Computers play an important role in scientific research.
✅ Answer: True
15. A computer can perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
✅ Answer: True
16. Storage capacity is one of the features of a computer.
✅ Answer: True
17. Artificial Intelligence is expected to influence the future of computers.
✅ Answer: True
18. Quantum Computing is an emerging technology.
✅ Answer: True
19. A computer cannot store data.
✅ Answer: False
20. Reliability means a computer produces consistent results.
✅ Answer: True
21. Computers are useful in agriculture.
✅ Answer: True
22. Computers have replaced the need for software.
✅ Answer: False
23. Cloud Computing is part of modern computing technology.
✅ Answer: True
24. Computers help improve productivity in business.
✅ Answer: True
25. The future of computers includes AI and Robotics.
✅ Answer: True
Part B – Fill in the Blanks (25)
1. A computer accepts ________ as input.
✅ Answer: Data
2. The ________ is called the brain of the computer.
✅ Answer: CPU
3. Charles Babbage is known as the ________ of the Computer.
✅ Answer: Father
4. Ada Lovelace is considered the world’s first ________.
✅ Answer: Computer Programmer
5. The four stages of computer working are Input, Processing, Storage, and ________.
✅ Answer: Output
6. A computer converts data into meaningful ________.
✅ Answer: Information
7. ________ is the ability of a computer to perform calculations quickly.
✅ Answer: Speed
8. The ability to produce correct results is called ________.
✅ Answer: Accuracy
9. Computers can work continuously due to their ________.
✅ Answer: Diligence
10. The ability to perform different kinds of tasks is called ________.
✅ Answer: Versatility
11. The first generation of computers used ________ Tubes.
✅ Answer: Vacuum
12. The second generation of computers used ________.
✅ Answer: Transistors
13. The third generation introduced ________ Circuits.
✅ Answer: Integrated
14. The fourth generation is based on ________.
✅ Answer: Microprocessors
15. The fifth generation mainly focuses on ________ Intelligence.
✅ Answer: Artificial
16. Computers are widely used in ________ for online learning.
✅ Answer: Education
17. Hospitals use computers to maintain ________ Records.
✅ Answer: Medical
18. Online banking is an application of computers in the ________ sector.
✅ Answer: Banking
19. Cloud Computing allows users to access computing resources over the ________.
✅ Answer: Internet
20. ________ Computing uses qubits instead of classical bits.
✅ Answer: Quantum
21. AI stands for Artificial ________.
✅ Answer: Intelligence
22. Computers are used in ________ for designing buildings and machines.
✅ Answer: Engineering
23. The process of following programmed instructions automatically is called ________.
✅ Answer: Automation
24. The ability to connect with other systems is called ________.
✅ Answer: Connectivity
25. The future of computing includes AI, Robotics, IoT, and ________ Computing.
✅ Answer: Quantum
Part C – Match the Following (25)
Column A | Column B |
1. Charles Babbage | a. First Computer Programmer |
2. Ada Lovelace | b. Father of the Computer |
3. Alan Turing | c. Turing Machine |
4. CPU | d. Brain of Computer |
5. Keyboard | e. Input Device |
6. Monitor | f. Output Device |
7. Speed | g. Fast Processing |
8. Accuracy | h. Correct Results |
9. Diligence | i. Works Without Tiredness |
10. Versatility | j. Multiple Tasks |
11. Storage | k. Saves Data |
12. Education | l. Online Learning |
13. Healthcare | m. Medical Records |
14. Banking | n. ATM Services |
15. Engineering | o. CAD Software |
16. Agriculture | p. Precision Farming |
17. Entertainment | q. Gaming & Streaming |
18. Government | r. E-Governance |
19. Science | s. Research & Simulation |
20. Artificial Intelligence | t. Machine Learning |
21. Cloud Computing | u. Internet-Based Services |
22. Quantum Computing | v. Qubits |
23. Robotics | w. Automation |
24. IoT | x. Connected Devices |
25. Future Computing | y. AI & Quantum Technologies |
Answer Key
Question | Answer |
1 | b |
2 | a |
3 | c |
4 | d |
5 | e |
6 | f |
7 | g |
8 | h |
9 | i |
10 | j |
11 | k |
12 | l |
13 | m |
14 | n |
15 | o |
16 | p |
17 | q |
18 | r |
19 | s |
20 | t |
21 | u |
22 | v |
23 | w |
24 | x |
25 | y |